.cav-equation-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.9fr) minmax(320px, 1.1fr);
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 18px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.98), rgba(248,250,252,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-equation-static,
.cav-compliance-calculator {
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-equation-static {
    display: grid;
    align-content: center;
    justify-items: center;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-equation-main {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 72px);
    line-height: 1;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-equation-symbol,
.cav-equation-equals {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.cav-equation-fraction {
    display: inline-grid;
    align-items: center;
    justify-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    min-width: 122px;
}

.cav-equation-numerator,
.cav-equation-denominator {
    display: block;
}

.cav-equation-bar {
    width: 100%;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: currentColor;
}

.cav-equation-units {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-unit-chip {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 8px 11px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    cursor: help;
}

.cav-unit-chip::after {
    content: attr(data-unit-tooltip);
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: calc(100% + 10px);
    width: min(240px, 70vw);
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.94);
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 650;
    line-height: 1.4;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transform: translate(-50%, 6px);
    transition: opacity 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
    z-index: 5;
}

.cav-unit-chip:hover::after,
.cav-unit-chip:focus-visible::after {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);
}

.cav-equation-static p {
    max-width: 540px;
    margin: 18px auto 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.cav-compliance-calculator {
    display: grid;
    gap: 16px;
}

.cav-calculator-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-calculator-head h4 {
    margin: 5px 0 0;
    font-size: 24px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.cav-calculator-head p {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.cav-solve-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-solve-toggle button {
    width: auto;
    min-width: 46px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.cav-solve-toggle button.is-active {
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.1);
}

.cav-live-equation {
    display: grid;
    gap: 16px;
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,250,252,0.94), rgba(240,247,255,0.72));
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.1);
}

.cav-live-equation-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 16px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: clamp(28px, 3.6vw, 42px);
    font-weight: 850;
    line-height: 1.1;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-live-fraction {
    display: inline-grid;
    align-items: center;
    justify-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    min-width: 116px;
}

.cav-live-fraction-bar {
    width: 100%;
    height: 4px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: currentColor;
}

.cav-live-multiply {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}

.cav-equation-stepper,
.cav-equation-answer {
    display: inline-grid;
    gap: 5px;
    justify-items: center;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.cav-equation-stepper-label,
.cav-equation-answer span,
.cav-equation-answer small {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-equation-stepper-body {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    min-height: 54px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.96);
    box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.9), 0 10px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-stepper-button {
    width: 42px;
    min-width: 42px;
    padding: 0;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: rgba(240,247,255,0.78);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    box-shadow: none;
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 1;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-stepper-button:hover,
.cav-stepper-button:focus-visible {
    transform: none;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
}

.cav-stepper-value {
    min-width: 84px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 14px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-stepper-unit {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.cav-equation-answer strong {
    min-width: 132px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.08);
    font-size: 22px;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-equation-hint {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-calc-result {
    padding: 16px 18px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,250,235,0.98), rgba(255,245,222,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(229, 190, 106, 0.24);
}

.cav-calc-result span {
    display: block;
    color: #8c6010;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-calc-result strong {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 6px;
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 28px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.cav-calc-result p {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-vessel-comparison {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.cav-vessel-card {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 230px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-vessel-card::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 24px auto 24px 0;
    width: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
}

.cav-vessel-card.is-artery::before {
    background: #ef4444;
}

.cav-vessel-card.is-vein::before {
    background: var(--accent);
}

.cav-vessel-card h4 {
    margin-top: 12px;
}

.cav-vessel-card.is-artery .ida-cause-badge {
    color: #b91c1c;
    background: rgba(254, 226, 226, 0.92);
    border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.16);
}

.cav-vessel-card.is-vein .ida-cause-badge {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.98);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.14);
}

.cav-elasticity-callout {
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,250,235,0.98), rgba(255,245,222,0.94));
    border: 1px solid rgba(229, 190, 106, 0.26);
}

.cav-elasticity-callout strong {
    display: block;
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 18px;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.cav-elasticity-callout p {
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    color: #8c6010;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-hemo-simulator {
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 30px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 26px 54px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}

.cav-hemo-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 18px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-hemo-head h4 {
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 24px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-hemo-description {
    max-width: 620px;
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.cav-hemo-controls {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-hemo-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 6px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-hemo-toggle button {
    width: auto;
    min-width: 138px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    box-shadow: none;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 850;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.cav-hemo-toggle button span {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 2px;
    color: inherit;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 800;
    opacity: 0.75;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.cav-hemo-toggle button.is-active {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.22);
}

.cav-surge-control {
    min-width: 230px;
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-surge-control > span {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-surge-control input {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-surge-control small {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.cav-hemo-reset {
    width: auto;
    min-width: 86px;
    padding: 13px 16px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.16);
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-hemo-reset:hover,
.cav-hemo-reset:focus-visible {
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.98);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.cav-hemo-visual-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: stretch;
}

.cav-hemo-canvas-shell {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 7;
    min-height: 260px;
    max-height: 430px;
    border-radius: 26px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,250,252,0.92), rgba(240,247,255,0.7));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-hemo-canvas-shell canvas,
.cav-pressure-monitor canvas {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.cav-hemo-figure-legend {
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    align-self: stretch;
}

.cav-hemo-figure-legend span {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-hemo-figure-legend strong {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 8px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 18px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.cav-hemo-figure-legend ol {
    margin: 12px 0 0;
    padding-left: 20px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-hemo-figure-legend li + li {
    margin-top: 8px;
}

.cav-pressure-monitor {
    padding: 12px 14px 10px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-pressure-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.cav-pressure-head strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 13px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-pressure-head span {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.cav-pressure-monitor canvas {
    height: 78px;
}

.cav-hemo-equation {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,250,235,0.98), rgba(255,245,222,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(229, 190, 106, 0.24);
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-hemo-equation span {
    color: #8c6010;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-hemo-equation strong {
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-flow-core {
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
}

.cav-flow-equation-card,
.cav-flow-trap-card,
.cav-flow-reynolds-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: stretch;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-flow-equation-panel,
.cav-flow-clinical-panel,
.cav-flow-calculator,
.cav-flow-warning {
    padding: 22px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 36px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

#cavPhysicsFlowTopicContent .cav-flow-equation-panel {
    padding: 16px;
}

.cav-flow-calculator {
    display: grid;
    gap: 16px;
}

.cav-flow-calculator .cav-equation-stepper-label,
.cav-flow-calculator .cav-equation-answer span,
.cav-flow-calculator .cav-equation-answer small {
    text-transform: none;
}

.cav-flow-equation-panel {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240,247,255,0.96), rgba(255,255,255,0.98));
}

.cav-flow-equation-panel.is-reynolds {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,245,245,0.96), rgba(255,255,255,0.98));
}

.cav-flow-equation-title,
.cav-flow-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: fit-content;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: rgba(240,247,255,0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.14);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Equation panel titles — bumped ~75% over the badge size so "Pulse pressure",
   "Mean arterial pressure", "Resistance", etc. read as the visual anchor of
   each equation widget. Trap-card badges (`.cav-flow-badge`) keep their
   smaller chip size from the shared rule above. */
.cav-flow-equation-title {
    padding: 10px 16px;
    font-size: 21px;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.cav-flow-badge.is-red {
    color: #b91c1c;
    background: rgba(254, 226, 226, 0.92);
    border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.16);
}

.cav-flow-badge.is-amber {
    color: #92400e;
    background: rgba(254, 243, 199, 0.95);
    border-color: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.22);
}

.cav-flow-equation {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    row-gap: 6px;
    column-gap: 16px;
    margin: 12px 0 8px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 48px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-flow-equation sub,
.cav-flow-equation sup {
    font-size: 0.45em;
}

.cav-flow-fraction {
    display: inline-grid;
    gap: 8px;
    justify-items: center;
    min-width: 110px;
}

.cav-flow-fraction span {
    line-height: 1;
}

.cav-flow-bar {
    width: 100%;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: currentColor;
}

.cav-flow-equation-panel p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-flow-live-equation {
    min-height: 220px;
}

.cav-live-product {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-flow-result {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240,247,255,0.98), rgba(232,244,255,0.92));
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.16);
}

.cav-flow-result span,
.cav-flow-result strong,
.cav-flow-result p {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}

.cav-flow-trap-panel {
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-flow-trap-panel {
    display: grid;
    gap: 18px;
    background: #fff;
    border-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-reynolds-subpanel {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.98), rgba(248,250,252,0.96));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 22px 24px;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.045);
}

.cav-reynolds-subpanel .section-label {
    color: #475569;
    font-size: 15px;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}

.cav-reynolds-subpanel:first-child {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,250,252,0.98), rgba(255,255,255,0.98));
}

.cav-flow-clinical-panel h4 {
    margin: 14px 0 8px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 24px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

/* Notch-vs-no-notch trap card — title bumped 1.5x because it's the visual
   anchor of that whole comparison and the smaller size was getting buried. */
.cav-notch-trap-panel h4 {
    font-size: 36px;
    line-height: 1.15;
}

.cav-flow-clinical-panel p,
.cav-flow-warning p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.cav-flow-mini-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-flow-mini-grid div,
.cav-flow-chain span {
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(248,250,252,0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-flow-mini-grid strong,
.cav-flow-mini-grid span {
    display: block;
}

.cav-flow-mini-grid strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 13px;
}

.cav-flow-mini-grid span {
    margin-top: 5px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.cav-flow-mini-caption-title {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 4px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 17px;
}

.cav-flow-mini-caption-copy {
    display: block;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-flow-visual-card {
    min-height: 188px;
}

.cav-flow-single-vessel,
.cav-flow-capillary-bed,
.cav-flow-exchange-field {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 96px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240,247,255,0.96), rgba(255,255,255,0.98));
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-flow-single-vessel::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 16px;
    right: 16px;
    top: 32px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.18);
    border-top: 3px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.38);
    border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.38);
}

.cav-flow-single-vessel::after {
    content: "small r";
    position: absolute;
    left: 18px;
    top: 10px;
    color: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-flow-velocity-arrow {
    position: absolute;
    left: 42px;
    right: 26px;
    top: 36px;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--accent);
}

.cav-flow-velocity-arrow::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -2px;
    top: -5px;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 10px solid var(--accent);
    border-top: 6px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 6px solid transparent;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed {
    display: block;
    padding: 0;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed path,
.cav-flow-capillary-bed circle {
    fill: none;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-trunk {
    stroke-width: 9;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-trunk.is-arterial {
    stroke: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.36);
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-trunk.is-venous {
    stroke: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.34);
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-branch {
    stroke: url(#cavCapillaryGradient);
    stroke-width: 5;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-mesh {
    stroke: url(#cavCapillaryGradient);
    stroke-width: 3.5;
    opacity: 0.82;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-collector {
    stroke-width: 4;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-collector.is-arterial {
    stroke: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.42);
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-collector.is-venous {
    stroke: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.42);
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-node {
    fill: #fff;
    stroke: rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.22);
    stroke-width: 2;
}

.cav-flow-capillary-bed .cav-capillary-rbc {
    fill: rgba(196, 38, 62, 0.76);
    stroke: rgba(148, 27, 50, 0.18);
    stroke-width: 1;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-field {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas,
.cav-flow-exchange-vessel {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-vessel {
    position: absolute;
    left: 16%;
    right: 16%;
    top: 50%;
    width: auto;
    height: 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.1), rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.24), rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.1));
    border: 1px solid rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.28);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas {
    position: absolute;
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.2);
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas-left {
    left: 22%;
    top: 8px;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas-right {
    right: 22%;
    bottom: 8px;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas i {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas-left::before {
    content: "O2";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 2px;
    width: 26px;
    height: 26px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 850;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    animation: cavGasCrossDown 2.8s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas-left::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 26px;
    width: 2px;
    height: 34px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.2);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas-right::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 26px;
    width: 2px;
    height: 34px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(248, 113, 113, 0.22);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.cav-flow-exchange-gas-right::before {
    content: "CO2";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 2px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 26px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    color: #b91c1c;
    background: rgba(254, 242, 242, 0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.18);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 850;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    animation: cavGasCrossUp 2.8s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes cavGasCrossDown {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-8px); opacity: 0.72; }
    50% { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(34px); opacity: 1; }
}

@keyframes cavGasCrossUp {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(8px); opacity: 0.72; }
    50% { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-34px); opacity: 1; }
}

.cav-flow-diffusion-note {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.86);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-flow-diffusion-note strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-flow-variable-list {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-flow-variable-list span {
    padding: 8px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.cav-flow-chain {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-reynolds-path-chain {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 22px;
    align-items: stretch;
}

.cav-flow-chain-step {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    position: relative;
    min-height: 62px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    background: #ffffff;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.3;
    text-wrap: balance;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}

.cav-flow-chain-step:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.32);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);
}

.cav-reynolds-path-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -24px;
    top: 50%;
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.44);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cav-reynolds-path-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -25px;
    top: 50%;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 7px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.58);
    border-top: 5px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Arterial chain arrows: thicker, larger, accent-blue. Reynolds chain
   keeps its quieter slate-grey look since it's a different teaching context. */
.cav-arterial-anchor-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::after,
.cav-arterial-trap-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -34px;
    top: 50%;
    width: 32px;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.55);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cav-arterial-anchor-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::before,
.cav-arterial-trap-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -36px;
    top: 50%;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 11px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.72);
    border-top: 7px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 7px solid transparent;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cav-flow-context-copy {
    margin: 4px 0 18px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds-widget {
    justify-items: stretch;
    align-items: stretch;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-reynolds-trap-thresholds {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
    justify-items: center;
    align-items: stretch;
    margin-top: 12px;
    width: 100%;
    overflow-x: visible;
}

.cav-reynolds-bubble {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    appearance: none;
    border: 0;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,253,244,0.98), rgba(254,243,199,0.38));
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.24);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    color: var(--text);
    min-height: 84px;
    min-width: 0;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.cav-reynolds-bubble:hover,
.cav-reynolds-bubble:focus-visible {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 26px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
}

.cav-reynolds-bubble:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.28);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.cav-reynolds-bubble strong {
    font-size: 22px;
    color: #8a5a00;
    font-weight: 900;
}

.cav-reynolds-bubble span {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 15px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-weight: 560;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds {
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds div {
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds strong,
.cav-reynolds-thresholds span {
    display: block;
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds strong {
    color: #7f1d1d;
    font-size: 15px;
}

.cav-reynolds-thresholds span {
    margin-top: 5px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.cav-flow-warning {
    margin-top: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,250,235,0.98), rgba(255,245,222,0.94));
    border-color: rgba(229, 190, 106, 0.26);
}

.cav-flow-warning > strong {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 20px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.cav-flow-warning p {
    color: #8c6010;
}

.cav-flow-stenosis-grid {
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-stenosis-concept-card {
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 28px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-stenosis-concept-head h3 {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 28px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-stenosis-concept-head p {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.cav-stenosis-simple-flow {
    display: flex;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 12px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.88);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-stenosis-simple-flow span {
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: rgba(240,247,255,0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-stenosis-simple-flow i {
    display: block;
    width: 28px;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.45);
    position: relative;
}

.cav-stenosis-simple-flow i::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -1px;
    top: -4px;
    border-left: 8px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.45);
    border-top: 5px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;
}

.cav-stenosis-equation-box {
    margin-top: 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.88);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-stenosis-equation-box summary {
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-stenosis-equation-box div {
    padding: 0 16px 16px;
}

.cav-stenosis-equation-box strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 17px;
}

.cav-stenosis-equation-box p {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.cav-stenosis-widget-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: stretch;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-stenosis-visual,
.cav-stenosis-controls {
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.88);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-stenosis-visual {
    min-height: 230px;
    padding: 22px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    --stenosis-rbc-speed: 7.4s;
    --stenosis-rbc-jet-speed: 5.6s;
    --stenosis-rbc-jet-opacity: 0.18;
    --stenosis-jet-opacity: 0;
}

.cav-stenosis-vessel {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 92px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240,247,255,0.98), rgba(255,255,255,0.98));
    border-top: 8px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.22);
    border-bottom: 8px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.22);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-stenosis-plaque {
    position: absolute;
    left: 48%;
    width: var(--stenosis-plaque-width, 0px);
    height: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.32);
    transition: width 180ms ease;
    z-index: 4;
}

.cav-stenosis-plaque.is-top {
    top: 0;
    border-radius: 0 0 999px 999px;
}

.cav-stenosis-plaque.is-bottom {
    bottom: 0;
    border-radius: 999px 999px 0 0;
}

.cav-stenosis-jet {
    position: absolute;
    left: 44%;
    top: 50%;
    width: 32%;
    height: 22px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10, 132, 255, 0), rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.2), rgba(249, 115, 22, 0));
    opacity: var(--stenosis-jet-opacity);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    transition: opacity 180ms ease;
    z-index: 1;
}

.cav-stenosis-rbc {
    position: absolute;
    left: -40px;
    top: var(--rbc-y, 50%);
    width: 18px;
    height: 11px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(196, 38, 62, 0.76);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22), 0 4px 10px rgba(148, 27, 50, 0.12);
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    animation: cavStenosisRbcFlow var(--stenosis-rbc-speed) linear infinite;
    animation-delay: var(--rbc-delay, 0s);
    z-index: 2;
}

.cav-stenosis-rbc::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 3px 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
}

.cav-stenosis-rbc.is-jet {
    animation-duration: var(--stenosis-rbc-jet-speed);
}

.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-1 { --rbc-y: 42%; --rbc-delay: -0.2s; --rbc-drift: -4px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-2 { --rbc-y: 57%; --rbc-delay: -1.1s; --rbc-drift: 3px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-3 { --rbc-y: 48%; --rbc-delay: -2.1s; --rbc-drift: -1px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-4 { --rbc-y: 62%; --rbc-delay: -3.1s; --rbc-drift: 5px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-5 { --rbc-y: 38%; --rbc-delay: -4.4s; --rbc-drift: -5px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-6 { --rbc-y: 53%; --rbc-delay: -5.5s; --rbc-drift: 2px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-7 { --rbc-y: 47%; --rbc-delay: -0.7s; --rbc-drift: 0px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-8 { --rbc-y: 54%; --rbc-delay: -1.8s; --rbc-drift: 2px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-9 { --rbc-y: 44%; --rbc-delay: -2.8s; --rbc-drift: -2px; }
.cav-stenosis-rbc.rbc-10 { --rbc-y: 59%; --rbc-delay: -3.8s; --rbc-drift: 4px; }

.cav-stenosis-arrow {
    position: absolute;
    left: 12%;
    top: 50%;
    width: var(--stenosis-arrow-width, 52px);
    height: 4px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--stenosis-arrow-color, #0a84ff);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    opacity: 0.34;
    transition: width 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease, background 180ms ease;
    z-index: 3;
}

.cav-stenosis-arrow::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -1px;
    top: -5px;
    border-left: 10px solid var(--stenosis-arrow-color, #0a84ff);
    border-top: 7px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 7px solid transparent;
}

.cav-stenosis-arrow.is-two { left: 30%; top: 38%; }
.cav-stenosis-arrow.is-three { left: 52%; top: 60%; opacity: var(--stenosis-extra-opacity, 0.22); }
.cav-stenosis-arrow.is-four { left: 68%; top: 44%; opacity: var(--stenosis-extra-opacity, 0.22); }

.cav-stenosis-visual[data-state="mild"] {
    --stenosis-plaque-width: 78px;
    --stenosis-arrow-width: 78px;
    --stenosis-extra-opacity: 0.52;
    --stenosis-rbc-speed: 5.2s;
    --stenosis-rbc-jet-speed: 3.1s;
    --stenosis-rbc-jet-opacity: 0.72;
    --stenosis-jet-opacity: 1;
}

.cav-stenosis-visual[data-state="severe"] {
    --stenosis-plaque-width: 138px;
    --stenosis-arrow-width: 112px;
    --stenosis-extra-opacity: 0.88;
    --stenosis-arrow-color: #f97316;
    --stenosis-rbc-speed: 4.2s;
    --stenosis-rbc-jet-speed: 1.85s;
    --stenosis-rbc-jet-opacity: 1;
    --stenosis-jet-opacity: 1;
}

.cav-stenosis-visual[data-state="normal"] .cav-stenosis-rbc.is-jet {
    animation: none;
    visibility: hidden;
}

@keyframes cavStenosisRbcFlow {
    0% {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(-42px) translateY(-50%) rotate(-8deg) scale(0.92);
    }
    8% {
        opacity: 0.76;
    }
    43% {
        transform: translateX(410px) translateY(calc(-50% + var(--rbc-drift, 0px))) rotate(-2deg) scale(1);
    }
    53% {
        opacity: 0.86;
        transform: translateX(500px) translateY(-50%) rotate(3deg) scaleX(1.22);
    }
    76% {
        opacity: 0.74;
        transform: translateX(700px) translateY(calc(-50% + var(--rbc-drift, 0px))) rotate(6deg) scaleX(1);
    }
    100% {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(960px) translateY(-50%) rotate(9deg) scale(0.94);
    }
}

.cav-stenosis-controls {
    padding: 20px;
    display: grid;
    align-content: center;
    gap: 14px;
}

.cav-stenosis-controls label {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-stenosis-controls input {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-stenosis-options {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 8px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.cav-stenosis-controls p {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-stenosis-controls p.is-turbulent {
    color: #c2410c;
    border-color: rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.18);
    background: rgba(255, 247, 237, 0.9);
}

.cav-stenosis-trap-pill {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: fit-content;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 16px auto 0;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    color: #8c6010;
    background: rgba(255, 250, 235, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid rgba(229, 190, 106, 0.28);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-stenosis-trap-pill strong {
    color: #7c5a12;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-stenosis-final-pill {
    width: fit-content;
    margin: 18px auto 0;
    padding: 12px 18px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: rgba(240,247,255,0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.14);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-circuitry-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.cav-circuit-card {
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-circuit-card-head {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
}

.cav-circuit-card h4,
.cav-nephrectomy-alert h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 24px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-alert h4 {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-alert h4 span {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 30px;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(255, 247, 237, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.24);
    color: #8a5a00;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-circuit-card p,
.cav-nephrectomy-alert p {
    margin: 14px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-points {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
    margin: 18px 0 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-points li {
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.16);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 760;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-points strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 900;
}

.cav-circuit-equation {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 9px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    min-height: 92px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.96), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98));
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    line-height: 1.25;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-circuit-fraction {
    display: inline-grid;
    justify-items: center;
    gap: 3px;
    min-width: 54px;
    line-height: 1;
}

.cav-circuit-fraction span:nth-child(2) {
    width: 100%;
    height: 2px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: currentColor;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-alert {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(300px, 0.86fr);
    gap: 18px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: rgba(255, 251, 235, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.18);
    border-left: 5px solid #f59e0b;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-nephrectomy-math {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-math div {
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.18);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
}

.cav-nephrectomy-math strong,
.cav-nephrectomy-math span,
.cav-nephrectomy-math b {
    display: block;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-math strong {
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 13px;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-math span {
    margin-top: 8px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 750;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.cav-nephrectomy-math b {
    margin-top: 8px;
    color: #8c6010;
    font-size: 22px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-circuit-calculator {
    display: grid;
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 28px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-circuit-calculator-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: end;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-circuit-calculator-head h4 {
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 24px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-circuit-calculator-head > span {
    padding: 9px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.98);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.14);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-circuit-calculator-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
}

.cav-circuit-control-panel {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-circuit-control-head strong,
.cav-circuit-control-head span {
    display: block;
}

.cav-circuit-control-head strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 18px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.cav-circuit-control-head span {
    margin-top: 5px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.cav-circuit-count-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 42px 1fr 42px;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
}

.cav-circuit-count-row button {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.16);
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 24px;
    font-weight: 850;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.cav-circuit-count-row span {
    min-height: 42px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.96), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98));
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-circuit-live-equation {
    min-height: 58px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 12px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 750;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-circuit-live-result {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(255, 251, 235, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.18);
}

.cav-circuit-live-result span {
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-circuit-live-result strong {
    color: #8c6010;
    font-size: 30px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-organ-perfusion-engine {
    display: grid;
    gap: 18px;
    min-height: 600px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 28px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.07);
}

.cav-organ-engine-head {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: start;
}

.cav-organ-engine-head h4 {
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 26px;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.cav-organ-engine-head p {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.cav-organ-engine-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-organ-engine-toggle button {
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 999px;
    padding: 11px 16px;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 850;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.cav-organ-engine-toggle button span {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 2px;
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-organ-engine-toggle button.is-active {
    color: #fff;
    background: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.22);
}

.cav-organ-engine-panel {
    display: none;
    gap: 16px;
}

.cav-organ-engine-panel.is-active {
    display: grid;
}

.cav-series-visual,
.cav-parallel-visual {
    min-height: 300px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.74), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-series-visual svg,
.cav-parallel-visual svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 300px;
}

.cav-series-vessel-wall {
    fill: none;
    stroke: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.18);
    stroke-width: var(--series-wall-width, 54);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    transition: stroke-width 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease;
}

.cav-series-vessel-wall.is-artery {
    --series-wall-width: 74;
    stroke: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.18);
}

.cav-series-vessel-wall.is-arteriole {
    --series-wall-width: 54;
    stroke: rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.18);
}

.cav-series-vessel-wall.is-capillary {
    --series-wall-width: 34;
    stroke: rgba(14, 165, 233, 0.18);
}

.cav-series-segment {
    fill: none;
    stroke: url(#cavSeriesFlowGradient);
    stroke-width: var(--series-lumen-width, 34);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    transition: stroke-width 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease;
}

.cav-series-segment.is-artery {
    --series-lumen-width: 52;
}

.cav-series-segment.is-arteriole {
    --series-lumen-width: 34;
}

.cav-series-segment.is-capillary {
    --series-lumen-width: 18;
}

.cav-series-rbc-flow {
    --series-rbc-duration: 4.8s;
}

.cav-series-rbc {
    transform: translate(-40px, 125px);
    animation: cavSeriesRbcMove var(--series-rbc-duration) linear infinite;
    animation-delay: var(--series-rbc-delay, 0s);
}

.cav-series-rbc ellipse:first-child {
    fill: rgba(196, 38, 62, 0.82);
    stroke: rgba(148, 27, 50, 0.18);
    stroke-width: 1;
}

.cav-series-rbc ellipse:last-child {
    fill: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
}

.cav-series-rbc.rbc-1 { --series-rbc-delay: -0.1s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-2 { --series-rbc-delay: -0.45s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-3 { --series-rbc-delay: -0.8s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-4 { --series-rbc-delay: -1.15s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-5 { --series-rbc-delay: -1.5s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-6 { --series-rbc-delay: -1.85s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-7 { --series-rbc-delay: -2.2s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-8 { --series-rbc-delay: -2.55s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-9 { --series-rbc-delay: -2.9s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-10 { --series-rbc-delay: -3.25s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-11 { --series-rbc-delay: -3.6s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-12 { --series-rbc-delay: -3.95s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-13 { --series-rbc-delay: -4.3s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-14 { --series-rbc-delay: -4.65s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-15 { --series-rbc-delay: -5s; }
.cav-series-rbc.rbc-16 { --series-rbc-delay: -5.35s; }

@keyframes cavSeriesRbcMove {
    0% { transform: translate(30px, 125px) rotate(-6deg) scaleX(1); opacity: 0; }
    8% { opacity: 0.85; }
    34% { transform: translate(250px, 119px) rotate(-2deg) scaleX(1); }
    48% { transform: translate(382px, 125px) rotate(4deg) scaleX(0.78); }
    66% { transform: translate(505px, 132px) rotate(2deg) scaleX(0.92); }
    92% { opacity: 0.85; }
    100% { transform: translate(710px, 125px) rotate(8deg) scaleX(1); opacity: 0; }
}

.cav-series-visual circle {
    fill: #fff;
    stroke: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.2);
    stroke-width: 3;
}

.cav-series-visual text,
.cav-parallel-visual text {
    fill: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-anchor: middle;
}

.cav-series-controls {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 12px;
}

.cav-series-controls label {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-series-controls span {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-series-controls input {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-organ-engine-math {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: end;
    row-gap: 4px;
    column-gap: 12px;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: rgba(255, 251, 235, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.18);
}

.cav-organ-engine-math span {
    color: #7c5a12;
    font-size: 28px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.cav-organ-engine-math strong {
    justify-self: end;
    color: #8c6010;
    font-size: 24px;
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
    margin-top: -2px;
}

.cav-aorta,
.cav-parallel-branch {
    fill: none;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    transition: opacity 180ms ease, stroke 180ms ease, filter 180ms ease;
}

.cav-aorta {
    stroke: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.44);
    stroke-width: 28;
}

.cav-parallel-branch {
    stroke: url(#cavParallelBranchGradient);
    stroke-width: 16;
}

.cav-parallel-branch.is-off {
    stroke: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.34);
    opacity: 0.42;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc-flow {
    --parallel-rbc-duration: 3.8s;
    opacity: 1;
    transition: opacity 180ms ease;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc-flow.is-off {
    opacity: 0;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc {
    transform: translate(88px, 84px);
    animation: cavParallelRenalRbc var(--parallel-rbc-duration) linear infinite;
    animation-delay: var(--parallel-rbc-delay, 0s);
}

.cav-parallel-rbc-flow[data-parallel-flow="gi"] .cav-parallel-rbc {
    animation-name: cavParallelGiRbc;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc-flow[data-parallel-flow="muscle"] .cav-parallel-rbc {
    animation-name: cavParallelMuscleRbc;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc-flow[data-parallel-flow="skin"] .cav-parallel-rbc {
    animation-name: cavParallelSkinRbc;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc ellipse:first-child {
    fill: rgba(196, 38, 62, 0.82);
    stroke: rgba(148, 27, 50, 0.16);
    stroke-width: 1;
}

.cav-parallel-rbc ellipse:last-child {
    fill: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
}

.cav-parallel-rbc.rbc-1 { --parallel-rbc-delay: -0.2s; }
.cav-parallel-rbc.rbc-2 { --parallel-rbc-delay: -1.35s; }
.cav-parallel-rbc.rbc-3 { --parallel-rbc-delay: -2.55s; }

.cav-organ-perfusion-engine[data-parallel-load="3"] .cav-parallel-rbc-flow:not(.is-off) {
    --parallel-rbc-duration: 3s;
}

.cav-organ-perfusion-engine[data-parallel-load="2"] .cav-parallel-rbc-flow:not(.is-off) {
    --parallel-rbc-duration: 2.35s;
}

.cav-organ-perfusion-engine[data-parallel-load="1"] .cav-parallel-rbc-flow:not(.is-off) {
    --parallel-rbc-duration: 1.8s;
}

@keyframes cavParallelRenalRbc {
    0% { transform: translate(90px, 56px) rotate(90deg); opacity: 0; }
    10%, 90% { opacity: 0.86; }
    28% { transform: translate(90px, 84px) rotate(90deg); }
    46% { transform: translate(170px, 82px) rotate(-6deg); }
    70% { transform: translate(300px, 42px) rotate(2deg); }
    100% { transform: translate(606px, 42px) rotate(4deg); opacity: 0; }
}

@keyframes cavParallelGiRbc {
    0% { transform: translate(90px, 56px) rotate(90deg); opacity: 0; }
    10%, 90% { opacity: 0.86; }
    38% { transform: translate(90px, 142px) rotate(90deg); }
    54% { transform: translate(170px, 140px) rotate(-4deg); }
    75% { transform: translate(300px, 122px) rotate(2deg); }
    100% { transform: translate(606px, 122px) rotate(4deg); opacity: 0; }
}

@keyframes cavParallelMuscleRbc {
    0% { transform: translate(90px, 56px) rotate(90deg); opacity: 0; }
    10%, 90% { opacity: 0.86; }
    48% { transform: translate(90px, 220px) rotate(90deg); }
    62% { transform: translate(170px, 222px) rotate(4deg); }
    80% { transform: translate(300px, 238px) rotate(2deg); }
    100% { transform: translate(606px, 238px) rotate(4deg); opacity: 0; }
}

@keyframes cavParallelSkinRbc {
    0% { transform: translate(90px, 56px) rotate(90deg); opacity: 0; }
    10%, 90% { opacity: 0.86; }
    58% { transform: translate(90px, 278px) rotate(90deg); }
    72% { transform: translate(170px, 286px) rotate(8deg); }
    86% { transform: translate(300px, 318px) rotate(2deg); }
    100% { transform: translate(606px, 318px) rotate(4deg); opacity: 0; }
}

.cav-organ-node ellipse,
.cav-organ-node rect {
    fill: #fff;
    stroke: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
    stroke-width: 2;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 8px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08));
    transition: fill 180ms ease, stroke 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease;
}

.cav-organ-node text {
    fill: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
}

.cav-organ-node.is-off ellipse,
.cav-organ-node.is-off rect {
    fill: rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.94);
    stroke: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.28);
    opacity: 0.62;
}

.cav-organ-node.is-off text {
    fill: rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.8);
    text-decoration: line-through;
}

.cav-aorta-label {
    fill: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 15px;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-organ-switch-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
}

.cav-organ-switch-grid button {
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.14);
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 13px 12px;
    background: rgba(240, 247, 255, 0.96);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 850;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 180ms ease, color 180ms ease, border 180ms ease;
}

.cav-organ-switch-grid button span {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 4px;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.cav-organ-switch-grid button:not(.is-on) {
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.96);
    color: var(--muted);
    border-color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
}

.cav-organ-engine-alert {
    padding: 13px 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(254, 242, 242, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.18);
    color: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-align: center;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
    .cav-equation-card,
    .cav-hemo-head,
    .cav-vessel-comparison,
    .cav-flow-equation-card,
    .cav-flow-trap-card,
    .cav-flow-reynolds-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-hemo-canvas-shell {
        aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
        min-height: 260px;
    }

    .cav-hemo-visual-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-flow-equation {
        font-size: 38px;
    }

    .cav-flow-mini-grid,
    .cav-flow-chain,
    .cav-reynolds-path-chain,
    .cav-stenosis-widget-grid,
    .cav-circuitry-grid,
    .cav-circuit-calculator-grid,
    .cav-nephrectomy-alert,
    .cav-organ-engine-head,
    .cav-series-controls,
    .cav-organ-switch-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-reynolds-trap-thresholds {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
        width: 100%;
        gap: 10px;
        overflow-x: visible;
    }

    .cav-reynolds-bubble {
        min-height: 76px;
        padding: 12px 10px;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .cav-reynolds-bubble strong {
        font-size: 20px;
    }

    .cav-reynolds-bubble span {
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .cav-reynolds-path-chain .cav-flow-chain-step:not(:last-child)::after {
        right: 50%;
        top: auto;
        bottom: -20px;
        transform: translateX(50%);
        content: "↓";
    }
}

/* ========================================================================
   ARTERIAL PRESSURE & RESISTANCE
   Sibling of "The Physics of Flow" — same DNA, blue accent system,
   .cav-flow-* primitives reused wherever possible.
   ======================================================================== */

/* Scoped type scale for the entire Arterial Pressure & Resistance topic.
   Bumped ~15% above the rest of the app for sustained reading. Eyebrow
   labels, captions, axis labels, and result-chip captions stay at their
   original sizes — only prose body type is bumped.

   Also: the outer .topic-workspace-page grid only puts gap between its
   direct children, so articles nested two levels deep inside this div get
   no spacing by default. Make this an 18px-gap grid so every <article>
   inside has equal breathing room (matches the page-level gap value). */
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent {
    --arterial-body: 17px;
    --arterial-card-body: 16.5px;
    --arterial-defcard-body: 17.5px;
    --arterial-line: 1.6;
    display: grid;
    gap: 18px;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

.cav-arterial-core {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(231, 240, 255, 0.95), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
}

.cav-arterial-section-copy {
    margin: 6px 0 18px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    max-width: 720px;
}

/* Scoped type-scale overrides — applied only inside the Arterial Pressure
   topic so other modules and the rest of the app are unaffected. */
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-arterial-section-copy,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .high-yield-callout p,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-flow-clinical-panel p {
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: var(--arterial-line);
}
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pda-step-body p,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pathology-detail p,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-correlate-card ul,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pressure-why-body p,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pressure-why-list li,
#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-notch-card p {
    font-size: var(--arterial-body);
    line-height: var(--arterial-line);
}

/* Inline tooltip terms — single reusable component. Hover (desktop), tap
   to focus (mobile). Pure CSS, no JS. The tooltip pops up above the term
   and is centered on it; it uses `width: max-content` so it sizes to the
   tooltip text rather than collapsing or stretching. */
.cav-term {
    position: relative;
    display: inline;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.55);
    cursor: help;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-term:focus,
.cav-term:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.cav-term::after {
    content: attr(data-tooltip);
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: calc(100% + 10px);
    width: max-content;
    max-width: min(280px, 80vw);
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #ffffff;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.45;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    text-transform: none;
    text-align: left;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.16);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transform: translate(-50%, 6px);
    transition: opacity 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
    z-index: 25;
    white-space: normal;
}

.cav-term:hover::after,
.cav-term:focus::after,
.cav-term:focus-visible::after {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);
}

/* Anchor variant — same dotted-underline + tooltip, but it scrolls. */
a.cav-term,
.cav-term[href] {
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
}

a.cav-jump-link::before {
    content: "↓";
    display: inline-block;
    margin-right: 4px;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* Core Definitions — the four-card focal teaching anchor */
.cav-pressure-defs {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-pressure-def {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto auto 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 22px 20px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(248,250,252,0.96));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    transition: transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
}

.cav-pressure-def:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 22px 44px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.24);
}

.cav-pressure-def-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: fit-content;
    min-width: 56px;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.22);
}

.cav-pressure-def h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pressure-def-line {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: var(--arterial-defcard-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.cav-pressure-def-meta {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.cav-pressure-def-meta .section-label {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}

.cav-pressure-def-meta strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pressure-def-clin {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-style: italic;
    align-self: end;
}

.cav-arterial-anchor.cav-flow-trap-panel {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(225, 238, 255, 0.92), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
}

.cav-arterial-anchor-chain,
.cav-arterial-trap-chain {
    margin-top: 14px;
    gap: 36px;
}

/* Pressure curve playground — curve compressed (~58/42) so the side panel
   has room to breathe. The HR slider, MAP card, and "Why this formula?"
   expandable need bigger type, which needs more horizontal space. */
.cav-pressure-playground {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.4fr) minmax(280px, 1fr);
    gap: 22px;
    margin-top: 14px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 26px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.96), rgba(248,250,252,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.cav-pressure-canvas-wrap {
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.cav-pressure-svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f6f9fd 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
    touch-action: none;
    user-select: none;
}

.cav-pressure-grid line {
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    stroke-width: 1;
    stroke-dasharray: 3 5;
}

.cav-pressure-axis text {
    fill: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.cav-pressure-axis line {
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.18);
    stroke-width: 1;
}

.cav-pressure-curve {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--accent);
    stroke-width: 3;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    transition: d 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-pressure-fill {
    transition: d 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-pressure-map-line {
    stroke: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.65);
    stroke-width: 1.4;
    stroke-dasharray: 6 5;
    transition: y1 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1), y2 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-pressure-map-tag {
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-pressure-map-tag-bg {
    fill: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.95);
}

.cav-pressure-map-tag-text {
    fill: #ffffff;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    dominant-baseline: middle;
    text-anchor: end;
}

.cav-pressure-systole-divider {
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    stroke-width: 1;
    stroke-dasharray: 2 4;
    transition: x1 0.4s, x2 0.4s;
}

.cav-pressure-phase-label {
    fill: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.10em;
    transition: x 0.4s;
}

.cav-pressure-notch-leader {
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.30);
    stroke-width: 1;
    transition: x1 0.4s, x2 0.4s, y1 0.4s, y2 0.4s, opacity 0.2s;
}

.cav-pressure-notch-leader.is-hidden {
    opacity: 0;
}

.cav-pressure-notch-marker {
    fill: var(--accent-strong);
    stroke: #ffffff;
    stroke-width: 2;
    transition: cx 0.4s, cy 0.4s;
}

.cav-pressure-notch-marker.is-hidden {
    opacity: 0;
}

.cav-pressure-notch-label {
    fill: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    transition: x 0.4s, y 0.4s, opacity 0.2s;
}

.cav-pressure-notch-label.is-hidden {
    opacity: 0;
}

.cav-pressure-handle {
    cursor: grab;
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-pressure-handle:active,
.cav-pressure-handle.is-dragging {
    cursor: grabbing;
}

.cav-pressure-handle circle {
    fill: #ffffff;
    stroke: var(--accent);
    stroke-width: 3;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 10px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25));
    transition: stroke 0.15s, fill 0.15s, r 0.15s;
}

.cav-pressure-handle:hover circle,
.cav-pressure-handle:focus-visible circle,
.cav-pressure-handle.is-dragging circle {
    fill: var(--accent);
    stroke: var(--accent-strong);
}

.cav-pressure-handle text {
    fill: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-anchor: middle;
    dominant-baseline: middle;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: fill 0.15s;
}

.cav-pressure-handle:hover text,
.cav-pressure-handle:focus-visible text,
.cav-pressure-handle.is-dragging text {
    fill: #ffffff;
}

.cav-pressure-handle:focus-visible {
    outline: none;
}

.cav-pressure-handle:focus-visible circle {
    stroke: var(--accent-strong);
    stroke-width: 4;
}

.cav-pressure-axis-caption {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0 12px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-pressure-readout {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    align-content: start;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
}

.cav-pressure-readout-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 8px;
}

.cav-pressure-stat {
    display: grid;
    gap: 2px;
    padding: 10px 8px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-pressure-stat span {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: var(--muted);
}

.cav-pressure-stat strong {
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    color: var(--text);
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.cav-pressure-stat small {
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--muted);
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.cav-pressure-stat.is-highlight {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10), rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.04));
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.24);
}

.cav-pressure-stat.is-highlight strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}

/* Inline coefficient + multiply glyphs used inside live equations.
   Keeps "⅓ × PP" visually distinct from a vertical fraction (which would
   misread as "1/3 divided by PP"). */
.cav-equation-multiply,
.cav-live-coefficient {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.cav-live-coefficient {
    font-size: 28px;
}

/* "Other ways to calculate MAP" alternatives below the MAP rearranger.
   Floats slightly on hover to match the definition cards. */
.cav-arterial-map-alternatives {
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 16px 18px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-arterial-map-alt-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 12px;
}

.cav-arterial-map-alt {
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}

.cav-arterial-map-alt:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.24);
}

.cav-arterial-map-alt strong {
    display: block;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-arterial-map-alt p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Heart-rate slider in the readout panel */
.cav-pressure-hr-control {
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-pressure-hr-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 10px;
}

.cav-pressure-hr-label {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}

.cav-pressure-hr-value {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-pressure-hr-value strong {
    margin-right: 2px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-pressure-hr-control input[type="range"] {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-pressure-hr-scale {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0 2px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.cav-pressure-hr-meta {
    margin-top: 2px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.cav-pressure-hr-meta strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-weight: 850;
}

/* The MAP readout — primary, integrated with the in-curve dashed line */
.cav-pressure-map-card {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.10), rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.02));
    border: 1px solid rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.22);
}

.cav-pressure-map-card-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 8px;
}

.cav-pressure-map-card-head .section-label {
    margin: 0;
    color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.95);
}

.cav-pressure-map-formula {
    color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.85);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-pressure-map-value {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 6px;
}

.cav-pressure-map-value strong {
    color: rgba(67, 56, 202, 1);
    font-size: 36px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.cav-pressure-map-value small {
    color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.75);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-pressure-map-note {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* Compact comparison row showing how far the naive average drifts */
.cav-pressure-naive-row {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(254, 242, 242, 0.90);
    border: 1px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.18);
}

.cav-pressure-naive-row.is-close {
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-pressure-naive-row-head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 10px;
    color: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-pressure-naive-row.is-close .cav-pressure-naive-row-head {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}

.cav-pressure-naive-row-head strong {
    color: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-pressure-naive-row.is-close .cav-pressure-naive-row-head strong {
    color: var(--text);
}

.cav-pressure-naive-gap {
    color: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.cav-pressure-naive-row.is-close .cav-pressure-naive-gap {
    color: var(--muted);
}

/* Collapsed-by-default explainer */
.cav-pressure-why {
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.85);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-pressure-why > summary {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.cav-pressure-why > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

.cav-pressure-why > summary i {
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    line-height: 1;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

.cav-pressure-why[open] > summary i {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.cav-pressure-why-body {
    padding: 4px 14px 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-pressure-why-body p {
    margin: 10px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.cav-pressure-why-list {
    margin: 10px 0 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
    list-style: none;
}

.cav-pressure-why-list li {
    padding: 8px 10px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-pressure-why-list li strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 850;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

/* Pathology comparison */
.cav-pathology-playground {
    display: grid;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 14px;
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 26px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.96), rgba(248,250,252,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

/* BIG bubble pills — obviously clickable, two lines (name + vitals). */
.cav-pathology-pills {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
}

.cav-pathology-pill {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 2px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    color: var(--text);
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, background 0.15s ease;
    font: inherit;
}

.cav-pathology-pill strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.cav-pathology-pill small {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-pathology-pill:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.30);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.cav-pathology-pill.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    border-color: var(--accent-strong);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.32);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.cav-pathology-pill.is-active strong,
.cav-pathology-pill.is-active small {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.cav-pathology-pill:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.45);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Side-by-side curve comparison — Normal (left, fixed) vs. Selected (right). */
.cav-pathology-curves {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
}

.cav-pathology-curve-cell {
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.90);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-pathology-curve-cell.is-selected {
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.28);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
}

.cav-pathology-curve-cell-head {
    /* Stack title above chip in BOTH panels so the head height is identical
       regardless of pathology name length — keeps the SVGs underneath
       perfectly aligned. */
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
    gap: 6px;
    justify-items: start;
}

.cav-pathology-curve-cell-head h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-pathology-curve-cell-head span {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-pathology-svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    /* Force a taller aspect than the natural 760/360 (2.11:1) so the curve
       stretches vertically and the SP/MAP/DP reference lines get visible
       separation. preserveAspectRatio="none" on the SVG element lets the
       viewBox content stretch to fill — this is the y-axis exaggeration
       used in textbook reference figures. */
    aspect-ratio: 5 / 3;
}

/* "What changed" detail block — sits between the curves and the deep-dive. */
.cav-pathology-detail {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 16px 18px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.85);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-pathology-mech {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pathology-mech {
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: var(--arterial-line);
}

.cav-pathology-arrows {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 8px;
}

.cav-pathology-arrow {
    display: grid;
    gap: 2px;
    padding: 10px 8px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-pathology-arrow b {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-pathology-arrow i {
    display: block;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--muted);
}

.cav-pathology-arrow.is-up i,
.cav-pathology-arrow.is-up-up i {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.cav-pathology-arrow.is-down i,
.cav-pathology-arrow.is-down-down i {
    color: #1d4ed8;
}

/* NBME hook — bigger, more prominent. Left accent bar + amber gradient +
   larger body type. Flex layout so the accent bar is fixed-width and the
   text column gets all remaining space (the grid version was breaking the
   text column down to 4px wide). */
.cav-pathology-hook {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 14px 16px 14px 12px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(254, 243, 199, 0.85), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.90));
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.28);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.10);
}

.cav-pathology-hook::before {
    content: "";
    flex: 0 0 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f59e0b, #d97706);
    border-radius: 999px;
}

.cav-pathology-hook-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    min-width: 0;
}

.cav-pathology-hook-label {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    align-self: flex-start;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b, #d97706);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: 0.10em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.30);
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pathology-hook span {
    display: block;
    color: #5b3a08;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

/* All four disease deep-dives stacked, always visible, collapsed by default. */
.cav-pathology-deepdive-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive-list-label {
    margin: 0 0 -2px;
}

/* Per-pathology deep-dive accordion. */
.cav-pathology-deepdive {
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive[open] {
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.20);
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive > summary {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 16px;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive > summary > div {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive > summary h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive .cav-pda-deepdive-chevron {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive[open] .cav-pda-deepdive-chevron {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive-body {
    padding: 4px 20px 20px;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pathology-deepdive-intro {
    margin: 4px 0 14px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: var(--arterial-line);
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive-steps {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive-step {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive-step-index {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25);
}

.cav-pathology-deepdive-step-body h5 {
    margin: 2px 0 4px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-pathology-deepdive-step-body p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: var(--arterial-line);
}

/* Vitals chip helper — kept for any legacy callers (pathology vitals now live
   inside .cav-pathology-curve-cell-head, but this preserves backward compat). */
.cav-pathology-vitals {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 6px 11px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* Notch vs no-notch trap */
.cav-notch-compare {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-notch-card {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

/* AR side gets a soft red highlight so the "no notch" warning reads at a glance. */
.cav-notch-card.is-no-notch {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(254, 226, 226, 0.55), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.32);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.14);
}

.cav-notch-card-title {
    margin: 0;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-notch-card.is-no-notch .cav-notch-card-title {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.cav-notch-card p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.cav-mini-curve {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f6f9fd 100%);
    border-radius: 12px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.08);
}

.cav-mini-curve-path {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--accent);
    stroke-width: 2.4;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    stroke-linecap: round;
}

.cav-mini-notch.is-present {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--accent-strong);
    stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.cav-mini-notch-label {
    fill: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.cav-mini-notch-missing {
    fill: #b91c1c;
    font-weight: 850;
}

/* Red X drawn directly on the AR curve where the notch would have been. */
.cav-mini-notch-x line {
    stroke: #b91c1c;
    stroke-width: 2.4;
    stroke-linecap: round;
}

/* PDA deep dive */
.cav-pda-deepdive {
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.96), rgba(248,250,252,0.85));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    padding: 4px 18px 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-pda-deepdive > summary {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 16px;
    padding: 16px 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
}

.cav-pda-deepdive > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

.cav-pda-deepdive > summary > div {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
}

.cav-pda-deepdive > summary h3 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.cav-pda-deepdive-chevron {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

.cav-pda-deepdive[open] .cav-pda-deepdive-chevron {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.cav-pda-deepdive-note {
    margin: 0 4px 14px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(254, 243, 199, 0.45);
    color: #92400e;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.cav-pda-step-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
    margin: 0 0 14px;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    counter-reset: cav-pda-step;
}

.cav-pda-step {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 48px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-pda-step-index {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 850;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25);
}

.cav-pda-step-body h4 {
    margin: 2px 0 4px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-pda-step-body p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Q = ΔP / R takeaway */
.cav-arterial-flow-eq {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.cav-arterial-takeaway-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin: 16px auto 0;
    padding: 12px 22px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.30);
    align-self: center;
    justify-self: center;
    text-align: center;
}

article.topic-section-card.full-width:has(> .cav-arterial-takeaway-pill) {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Poiseuille calculator */
.cav-poiseuille-calculator {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

/* Reset-to-baseline button — small accent pill in the calculator-head's
   right slot. Doesn't fight the existing flex/wrap layout above. */
.cav-poiseuille-reset {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.20);
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.cav-poiseuille-reset span {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1;
}

.cav-poiseuille-reset:hover {
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
}

.cav-poiseuille-reset:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.cav-poiseuille-controls {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}

.cav-poiseuille-control {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(140px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.cav-poiseuille-control > span {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-poiseuille-control > span strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    margin-right: 6px;
}

.cav-poiseuille-control input[type="range"] {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-poiseuille-control output {
    min-width: 48px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-align: center;
}

.cav-poiseuille-control.is-disabled {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(140px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    opacity: 0.55;
    background: rgba(241, 243, 247, 0.85);
}

.cav-poiseuille-control.is-disabled i {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    margin-top: 4px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: normal;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.cav-poiseuille-control.is-disabled output {
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    color: var(--muted);
}

/* Animated vessel for the Poiseuille widget. The outer SVG dimensions stay
   constant so the "tube" doesn't shrink — only the lumen between the walls
   narrows when radius drops (vasoconstriction look). RBCs flow through the
   lumen; their count tracks viscosity, their speed tracks 1/R. */
.cav-poiseuille-vessel {
    height: 170px;
    padding: 4px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f6f9fd 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cav-poiseuille-vessel-svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 14px;
}

.cav-poiseuille-wall {
    fill: #cf8b8b;
    transition: y 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1), height 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-poiseuille-plasma {
    transition: y 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1), height 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.cav-poiseuille-rbcs > g {
    animation: cav-poiseuille-rbc-flow var(--cav-poiseuille-flow-duration, 2.5s) linear infinite;
    transform-box: fill-box;
}

.cav-poiseuille-rbcs ellipse {
    fill: #dc2626;
    opacity: 0.92;
}

.cav-poiseuille-rbcs ellipse.cav-poiseuille-rbc-pallor {
    fill: #fca5a5;
    opacity: 0.70;
}

@keyframes cav-poiseuille-rbc-flow {
    0%   { transform: translateX(-40px); }
    100% { transform: translateX(640px); }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .cav-poiseuille-rbcs > g {
        animation: none;
    }
}

.cav-poiseuille-math {
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.08);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-family: "SF Mono", ui-monospace, "Menlo", monospace;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Q = ΔP / R link-back — shows how the resistance number we just computed
   feeds back into flow. Compact so it doesn't compete with the equation. */
.cav-poiseuille-flow-note {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-poiseuille-flow-eq {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-family: "SF Mono", ui-monospace, "Menlo", monospace;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-poiseuille-flow-arrow {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-poiseuille-flow-readout strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 850;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-poiseuille-callout {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-self: center;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 10px 18px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b, #d97706);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.30);
}

/* Amber r⁴ trap */
.cav-amber-trap.cav-flow-trap-panel {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(254, 243, 199, 0.55), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border-color: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);
}

/* Vasodilated → vasoconstriction direction strip above the cross-sections. */
.cav-r4-direction {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    margin: 18px 14px 0;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.10em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-r4-direction i {
    flex: 1;
    height: 2px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.20), rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.55));
    position: relative;
    font-style: normal;
    color: transparent;
    overflow: visible;
}

.cav-r4-direction i::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    right: -1px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 9px solid rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.65);
    border-top: 6px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 6px solid transparent;
}

.cav-r4-direction span:last-of-type {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

/* Vessel cross-section row — shows the literal visual reality of
   "r=1.0 vs r=0.25". Wall stays roughly constant thickness; only the red
   lumen shrinks. Each card now also carries its own resistance multiplier so
   the bar chart isn't needed alongside. */
.cav-r4-vessels {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    align-items: center;
    justify-items: center;
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding: 18px 14px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.20);
}

.cav-r4-vessel {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.cav-r4-vessel svg {
    display: block;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 10px rgba(127, 29, 29, 0.18));
}

.cav-r4-vessel-radius {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-r4-vessel-mult {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    line-height: 1;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-r4-vessel.is-extreme .cav-r4-vessel-radius {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.cav-r4-vessel.is-extreme .cav-r4-vessel-mult {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.cav-r4-bars {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    align-items: end;
    margin-top: 14px;
    padding: 18px 14px 14px;
    height: 220px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
}

.cav-r4-bar {
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
    align-content: end;
    justify-items: center;
    height: 100%;
}

.cav-r4-bar i {
    display: block;
    width: 80%;
    border-radius: 12px 12px 6px 6px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fbbf24, #f59e0b);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);
    min-height: 6px;
}

.cav-r4-bar.is-extreme i {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ef4444, #b91c1c);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.30);
}

.cav-r4-bar strong {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.cav-r4-bar span {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-r4-bar.is-extreme span {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

/* Clinical correlates */
.cav-correlate-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-correlate-card {
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-correlate-card.is-dominant {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(231, 240, 255, 0.85), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10);
}

.cav-correlate-symbol {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-correlate-card.is-dominant .cav-correlate-symbol {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25);
}

.cav-correlate-card h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-correlate-card ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 18px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Cause → effect rows. Cause is bold on the left, effect is a colored chip
   on the right. The visual layout (left → right) reads as the cause causing
   the effect, no need for a verb in the middle. */
.cav-correlate-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
}

.cav-correlate-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-correlate-row.is-static {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.cav-correlate-cause {
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

#cavArterialPressureTopicContent .cav-correlate-cause {
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
}

.cav-correlate-effect {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    line-height: 1;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cav-correlate-effect.is-up {
    background: rgba(254, 226, 226, 0.92);
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.cav-correlate-effect.is-down {
    background: rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.95);
    color: #1d4ed8;
}

.cav-correlate-effect.is-mild {
    font-size: 12px;
    background: rgba(254, 243, 199, 0.85);
    color: #92400e;
}

.cav-correlate-card p {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Problem set */
.cav-problem-set {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-problem-card {
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.cav-problem-card[open] {
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.cav-problem-card > summary {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
}

.cav-problem-card > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

.cav-problem-q {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.10em;
}

.cav-problem-card > summary > p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 15.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.cav-problem-options {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
}

.cav-problem-options li {
    padding: 9px 14px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.cav-problem-reveal-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-self: start;
    margin-top: 4px;
    padding: 9px 18px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--accent);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.25);
    transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}

.cav-problem-card[open] .cav-problem-reveal-button {
    display: none;
}

.cav-problem-card > summary:hover .cav-problem-reveal-button {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.cav-problem-answer {
    padding: 16px 20px 20px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(220, 252, 231, 0.40), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95));
}

.cav-problem-answer strong {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    color: #047857;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
}

.cav-problem-answer p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Mobile responsive */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .cav-pressure-playground,
    .cav-arterial-flow-eq {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-pressure-readout-row {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .cav-notch-compare {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-correlate-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-pathology-arrows {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .cav-pathology-pills {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .cav-pathology-curves {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-r4-bars {
        height: 180px;
        gap: 8px;
        padding: 14px 8px 10px;
    }

    .cav-r4-vessels {
        gap: 8px;
        padding: 10px 8px;
    }

    .cav-r4-vessel svg {
        width: 64px;
        height: 64px;
    }

    .cav-pressure-defs {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .cav-arterial-map-alt-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
    .cav-pathology-pills {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-pathology-deepdive-step {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-pathology-deepdive-step-index {
        width: 32px;
        height: 32px;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .cav-pda-step {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cav-pda-step-index {
        width: 36px;
        height: 36px;
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .cav-pressure-defs {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

/* ===================================================================
   Microcirculation module
   ===================================================================
   Reuses Arterial Pressure type variables so .cav-pressure-def cards
   render at the same body-text scale across the two modules. New
   class families:
     .cav-cap-types / .cav-cap-type   — three capillary anatomy cards
     .cav-perm-ladder                  — permeability ladder callout
     .cav-transport-cards              — three transport mechanism cards
     .cav-starling-defs / .cav-starling-direction — direction badges
     .cav-starling-summary             — single-capillary force summary SVG
     .cav-starling-presets             — preset row under Jv rearranger
     .cav-cap-exchange                 — supporting Pc/πc visual
     .cav-edema-table                  — alternating-tint cause table
     .cav-arteriolar-control           — two-column arteriolar card
   No new color tokens — uses existing --accent, --accent-strong,
   --text, --muted, --muted-strong, --accent-soft. */
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent {
    --arterial-body: 17px;
    --arterial-card-body: 16.5px;
    --arterial-defcard-body: 17px;
    --arterial-line: 1.6;
    display: grid;
    gap: 18px;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

.cav-micro-core {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(231, 240, 255, 0.95), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
}

.cav-micro-section-copy {
    margin: 6px 0 18px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    max-width: 720px;
}

#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-micro-section-copy,
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .high-yield-callout p,
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-flow-clinical-panel p {
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: var(--arterial-line);
}

#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def-line {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: var(--arterial-defcard-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 600;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def-clin {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: var(--arterial-card-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-style: italic;
    align-self: end;
}

.cav-micro-anchor.cav-flow-trap-panel {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(225, 238, 255, 0.92), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.18);
}

/* ----- Capillary bed figure (Clinical Anchor card) -----
   Image + SVG overlay pair: the PNG provides the anatomy, the SVG (sharing
   the PNG's native viewBox 1052×408) carries leader-line labels that scale
   with the image at any container width. Stage is capped at ~560px and
   centered — roughly double a capillary cross-section card width — so the
   figure reads as supporting evidence, not the focal anatomy. */
.cav-capbed-figure {
    margin: 14px auto 0;
    max-width: 560px;
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
}
.cav-capbed-stage {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 560px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    border-radius: 14px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}
.cav-capbed-img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
}
.cav-capbed-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cav-capbed-label-group {
    user-select: none;
}
.cav-capbed-leader {
    stroke: #9ca3af;
    stroke-width: 1.4;
    fill: none;
    stroke-linecap: round;
}
.cav-capbed-dot {
    fill: #9ca3af;
}
.cav-capbed-pill {
    fill: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    stroke-width: 1;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 5px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12));
}
.cav-capbed-text {
    fill: #6b7280;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.cav-capbed-caption {
    margin: 0;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-style: italic;
    text-align: center;
}

/* ----- Capillary anatomy cards ----- */
.cav-cap-types {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-cap-type {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 18px 18px 20px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(248,250,252,0.96));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    transition: transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
}

.cav-cap-type:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 22px 44px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.24);
}

.cav-cap-svg-frame {
    border-radius: 14px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #f8fbff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-cap-svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

/* Image variant of the cross-section frame.
   Fixed aspect-ratio container guarantees all three cards render at
   identical dimensions regardless of source-image aspect. object-fit:
   cover + per-card object-position aligns the vessel center horizontally
   across cards. Hover zones are SVG <rect>s inside a viewBox-0–100×0–40
   <svg> with preserveAspectRatio="none" so the zone grid scales with
   the container exactly. */
.cav-cap-img-frame {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 2.5 / 1;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #fafafa;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-cap-img {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center 50%;
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
}

/* Per-card vertical fine-tuning — the source images have different
   amounts of headroom (sinusoidal includes whitespace for the protruding
   WBC/RBC), so each card nudges the image up/down slightly so the
   vessel center sits at the same Y across all three. */
.cav-cap-img-frame[data-cap="continuous"]  .cav-cap-img { object-position: center 50%; }
.cav-cap-img-frame[data-cap="fenestrated"] .cav-cap-img { object-position: center 48%; }
.cav-cap-img-frame[data-cap="sinusoidal"]  .cav-cap-img { object-position: center 52%; }

.cav-cap-zones {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* SVG rect zones — transparent by default, blue tint + outline on
   hover/focus. The pointer-events:all override is what makes the rect
   catch mouse events despite its parent svg being pointer-events:none
   (so clicks on transparent gaps pass through to the image). */
.cav-cap-zone {
    fill: transparent;
    stroke: transparent;
    stroke-width: 0.3;
    pointer-events: all;
    cursor: help;
    transition: fill 0.15s ease, stroke 0.15s ease;
}
.cav-cap-zone:hover,
.cav-cap-zone:focus,
.cav-cap-zone:focus-visible {
    fill: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.18);
    stroke: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.7);
    outline: none;
}

/* Tooltip — sibling <div> of the image frame inside .cav-cap-type.
   JS positions it absolutely relative to the card on mouseenter/focus.
   Lives outside the frame's overflow:hidden so it can extend above or
   below the image without clipping. */
.cav-cap-type {
    position: relative;
}
.cav-cap-tip {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 25;
    max-width: min(280px, 90%);
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #ffffff;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.45;
    text-align: left;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.16);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -6px);
    transition: opacity 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}
.cav-cap-tip.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);
}
.cav-cap-tip.tooltip-below {
    transform: translate(-50%, 6px);
}
.cav-cap-tip.tooltip-below.is-visible {
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);
}

.cav-cap-type h4 {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.cav-cap-meta {
    display: grid;
    gap: 2px;
}
.cav-cap-meta .section-label {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}
.cav-cap-meta p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* "What crosses" is the highest-yield content on each card — emphasize it
   with an accent-tinted chip and a left border so a student scanning the
   three cards can see the permeability difference at a glance. Reuses the
   accent token used elsewhere in the module. */
.cav-cap-meta-crosses p {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--accent-soft), rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.06));
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.cav-cap-meta-crosses .section-label {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}

.cav-cap-hook {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* ----- Permeability ladder ----- */
.cav-perm-ladder {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 14px 18px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(231, 240, 255, 0.9), rgba(254, 226, 226, 0.5));
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-perm-ladder-label {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.cav-perm-ladder-step {
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-perm-ladder-step.is-max {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b91c1c, #7f1d1d);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: transparent;
}

.cav-perm-ladder-arrow {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-weight: 900;
    font-size: 18px;
}

/* ----- Transport mechanism cards ----- */
.cav-transport-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-transport-card {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 20px 18px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-transport-badge {
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: #fff;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.22);
}

.cav-transport-card h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.cav-transport-card h4 small {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}

.cav-transport-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 18px;
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.cav-transport-hook {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* ----- Starling definition direction badges ----- */
.cav-starling-def {
    position: relative;
}

.cav-starling-direction {
    width: fit-content;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cav-starling-direction.is-out {
    background: rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.12);
    color: #b91c1c;
    border: 1px solid rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.28);
}

.cav-starling-direction.is-in {
    background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.12);
    color: #1d4ed8;
    border: 1px solid rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.28);
}

.cav-starling-def.is-out {
    border-color: rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.18);
}
.cav-starling-def.is-in {
    border-color: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.18);
}

/* ----- Starling forces — compact reference cards (above the centerpiece animation) -----
   When the cards are marked .is-compact (only inside the Microcirculation
   module), shrink padding and type so they read as a vocabulary reference
   rather than a focal section. Scoped to #cavMicrocirculationTopicContent
   so the same card class in Arterial Pressure stays at its native size. */
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-defs.is-compact {
    gap: 10px;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact {
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto auto;
    padding: 12px 14px 14px;
    gap: 6px;
    border-radius: 16px;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact .cav-pressure-def-badge {
    min-width: 40px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    font-size: 14px;
    border-radius: 10px;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact h4 {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.3;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact .cav-pressure-def-line {
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.4;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact .cav-pressure-def-meta {
    padding: 6px 9px;
    border-radius: 9px;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact .cav-pressure-def-meta strong {
    font-size: 13.5px;
}
#cavMicrocirculationTopicContent .cav-pressure-def.is-compact .cav-starling-direction {
    font-size: 10px;
    padding: 2px 8px;
}

/* ----- Starling forces — animated centerpiece -----
   Stage holds the BioRender base PNG and an SVG overlay that share the
   same 1600×600 coordinate system. Three rendering layers stack inside
   the overlay: persistent anatomical labels, baseline particles, and
   per-mode animation. setMode() rebuilds only the animation layer. */
.cav-starling-viz {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

/* Mode caption — large headline above the stage. */
.cav-starling-caption {
    margin: 0 0 4px;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 19px;
    line-height: 1.4;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
}

/* Orientation markers — small muted italic text labeling the major
   structural regions (arterial end / venous end / lymphatic vessel).
   No leader lines, no pill background. A white paint-order halo keeps
   them readable over any colored band (cream interstitium, pink wall,
   green lymph). */
.cav-starling-orientation-marker {
    fill: #6b7280;
    paint-order: stroke fill;
    stroke: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    stroke-width: 4;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    user-select: none;
}

/* Pi-mode caption near the lymphatic — italic gray with the same paint-
   order halo so it stays legible inside the green lymph band. */
.cav-starling-pi-lymph-caption {
    fill: #4b5563;
    paint-order: stroke fill;
    stroke: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    stroke-width: 4;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-style: italic;
    user-select: none;
}

/* Baseline protein circles — help cursor + a subtle scale-up on hover
   so users know they're interactive. transform-box: fill-box keeps the
   scale anchored at the circle's center (SVG default would scale from
   the SVG root). pointer-events: auto opts them back into mouse events
   despite the overlay being pointer-events: none. */
.cav-starling-baseline-plasma,
.cav-starling-baseline-interstitial {
    pointer-events: auto;
    cursor: help;
    transform-box: fill-box;
    transform-origin: center;
    transition: transform 0.16s ease;
}
.cav-starling-baseline-plasma:hover,
.cav-starling-baseline-plasma:focus,
.cav-starling-baseline-interstitial:hover,
.cav-starling-baseline-interstitial:focus {
    transform: scale(1.5);
}

/* Shared SVG hover tooltip — repositioned by JS per hovered protein. */
.cav-starling-svg-tooltip {
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.18s ease;
    pointer-events: none;
}
.cav-starling-svg-tooltip.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
}
.cav-starling-svg-tooltip rect {
    fill: #ffffff;
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    stroke-width: 1;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 8px 18px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.22));
}
.cav-starling-svg-tooltip text {
    fill: #1f2937;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-anchor: middle;
    dominant-baseline: middle;
}

/* Lymph highlight pulses gently when Pi mode is active. */
[data-cav-starling-lymph-glow].is-on {
    animation: cavStarlingLymphPulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes cavStarlingLymphPulse {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 0.14; }
    50%      { opacity: 0.32; }
}

/* Baseline protein highlights — subtle halo + slow pulse when their
   parent force (πc or πi) is selected. Implemented as a CSS drop-shadow
   so it composites cleanly over the BioRender image. */
.cav-starling-baseline-plasma.is-halo,
.cav-starling-baseline-interstitial.is-halo {
    filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.85));
    animation: cavStarlingProteinPulse 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes cavStarlingProteinPulse {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 0.85; }
    50%      { opacity: 1; }
}

/* Mode-specific arrows pulse together (1.0 → 1.15 → 1.0 over 1.2s).
   transform-origin is set per-line inline by JS at the line midpoint;
   SVG's default transform-box (view-box) means those values are already
   in the correct coordinate system. */
.cav-starling-arrows.is-pulsing line {
    animation: cavStarlingArrowPulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes cavStarlingArrowPulse {
    0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); }
    50%      { transform: scale(1.15); }
}

/* Force-label pills — mode-specific mmHg readouts. */
.cav-starling-force-label rect {
    filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 10px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.18));
}

/* Burn-pathology wall gaps — small white slits with a faint gray border. */
.cav-starling-wall-gap {
    stroke: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
    stroke-width: 1;
}

.cav-starling-viz-stage {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1600 / 600;
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    background: #fdfaf2;
}

.cav-starling-viz-base {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    user-select: none;
    pointer-events: none;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
}

.cav-starling-viz-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Arrow groups fade smoothly when the active mode changes. */
.cav-starling-arrows {
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.cav-starling-viz-skip {
    position: absolute;
    top: 12px;
    right: 12px;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.15);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    cursor: pointer;
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    z-index: 2;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}
.cav-starling-viz-skip:hover {
    background: #fff;
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.4);
}

/* Control row reuses the .cav-starling-presets pill chrome (existing
   accent-gradient on .is-active) so this widget feels familiar next to
   the Jv rearranger above. */
.cav-starling-viz-controls {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    align-items: center;
}
.cav-starling-viz-controls button {
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.1s ease;
}
.cav-starling-viz-controls button:hover {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.32);
}
.cav-starling-viz-controls button.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #fff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.28);
}
.cav-starling-viz-controls .cav-starling-viz-guided {
    margin-left: auto;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fde68a, #fcd34d);
    color: #92400e;
    border-color: transparent;
    font-weight: 800;
}
.cav-starling-viz-controls .cav-starling-viz-guided:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fcd34d, #fbbf24);
    color: #78350f;
}
.cav-starling-viz-controls .cav-starling-viz-guided.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fbbf24, #d97706);
    color: #fff;
}

.cav-starling-viz-explainer {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 14px 18px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
}
.cav-starling-viz-explainer p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.cav-starling-pathology-toggle {
    width: fit-content;
    padding: 7px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.32);
    color: #b91c1c;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}
.cav-starling-pathology-toggle:hover {
    background: rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.06);
}
.cav-starling-pathology-toggle.is-on {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b91c1c, #7f1d1d);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.32);
}

/* ----- Starling rearranger preset row ----- */
.cav-starling-presets {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding-top: 12px;
    border-top: 1px dashed rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}
.cav-starling-presets .section-label {
    margin: 0 6px 0 0;
}
.cav-starling-presets button {
    padding: 7px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.1s ease;
}
.cav-starling-presets button:hover {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.32);
}
.cav-starling-presets button.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #fff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.28);
}

/* ----- Starling Jv rearranger (single-column rebuild) -----
   Replaces the old left-equation / right-rearranger split. Five regions
   stacked vertically: presets, static equation, 2×2 pressure grid, fixed
   constants, result chip. Each region gets generous breathing room so the
   widget reads as a single calm panel rather than a control surface. */
.cav-starling-rearranger {
    display: grid;
    gap: 24px;
    padding: 24px;
    margin-top: 14px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff, #f8fbff);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

/* Presets — promoted from footer to a proper section above the math. */
.cav-starling-presets-section {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
}
.cav-starling-presets-intro {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.45;
}
.cav-starling-presets-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
}
.cav-starling-presets-row button {
    padding: 10px 18px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.1s ease;
}
.cav-starling-presets-row button:hover {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.cav-starling-presets-row button.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #fff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.32);
}
.cav-starling-preset-caption {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Section A — static equation, centered, no interaction. */
.cav-starling-static-equation {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 14px 0 6px;
}
.cav-starling-equation-display {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.cav-starling-equation-legend {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    max-width: 720px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

/* Section B — 2×2 adjustable pressure grid. */
.cav-starling-vars {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
}
.cav-starling-var {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 18px 18px 16px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    text-align: center;
}
.cav-starling-var-header {
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.cav-starling-var-header strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 900;
    margin-right: 4px;
}
.cav-starling-var-stepper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 14px;
}
.cav-starling-step {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #f3f4f6;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 800;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.1s ease;
}
.cav-starling-step:hover {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.cav-starling-step:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}
.cav-starling-var-value {
    min-width: 64px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 30px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.cav-starling-var-unit {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Section C — fixed constants, visually muted. */
.cav-starling-constants {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 12px;
}
.cav-starling-constant {
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    background: #f9fafb;
    border-radius: 10px;
    border: 1px dashed rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.18);
}
.cav-starling-constant strong {
    color: #6b7280;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.cav-starling-constant span {
    color: #9ca3af;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Section D — result chip. Reuses .cav-calc-result .cav-flow-result base
   styling from the PP/MAP rearrangers; tightens nothing else. */
.cav-starling-result {
    margin-top: 4px;
}

/* Persistent sign-convention legend — sits directly above the result chip
   in the rearranger. Subtle gray pill, always visible. */
.cav-starling-sign-convention {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 16px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #f3f4f6;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.cav-starling-sign-convention strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 12px;
}
.cav-starling-sign-icon {
    font-size: 14px;
}
.cav-starling-sign-out strong {
    color: #b91c1c;
    text-transform: none;
    font-size: 13.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0;
}
.cav-starling-sign-in strong {
    color: #1d4ed8;
    text-transform: none;
    font-size: 13.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0;
}
.cav-starling-sign-dot {
    color: #9ca3af;
    font-weight: 800;
}

/* NBME high-yield callout sitting inside the calculator article, just
   above the rearranger. Reuses the amber-trap base styling; the modifier
   constrains spacing so it doesn't fight the rearranger margin below. */
.cav-starling-nbme-callout.cav-flow-trap-panel {
    margin-top: 14px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

/* Supporting visual — small framing eyebrow above each slider that names
   the direction of the force (OUTWARD / INWARD) in color. Sits above the
   existing slider-head row, which still shows the variable name + value. */
.cav-cap-slider-framing {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.10em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.cav-cap-slider-framing.is-out { color: #b91c1c; }
.cav-cap-slider-framing.is-in  { color: #1d4ed8; }

/* Supporting visual — smooth transitions on arrow positions and the
   balance line so slider moves don't pop. SVG attributes x1/x2 are
   transitionable via CSS in modern browsers; opacity always is. */
.cav-cap-exchange-svg .cav-cap-arrow,
.cav-cap-exchange-svg [data-cav-cap-balance],
.cav-cap-exchange-svg [data-cav-cap-balance-label] {
    transition: x1 0.35s ease, x2 0.35s ease, x 0.35s ease, opacity 0.3s ease;
}

/* Mobile: collapse 2×2 grid + constants to single column, let presets
   wrap as needed. */
@media (max-width: 720px) {
    .cav-starling-rearranger {
        padding: 18px;
        gap: 18px;
    }
    .cav-starling-vars {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-starling-constants {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-starling-equation-display {
        font-size: 20px;
    }
}

.cav-live-paren {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cav-starling-equation {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* ----- Compact capillary exchange visual ----- */
.cav-cap-exchange {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fbfdff, #f4f8fd);
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.cav-cap-exchange-svg {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 720px;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: block;
}

.cav-cap-exchange-controls {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 12px 18px;
    align-items: end;
}

.cav-cap-slider {
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
}
.cav-cap-slider-head {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: baseline;
    font-size: 13.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}
.cav-cap-slider-head strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.cav-cap-slider input[type="range"] {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-cap-readout {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
}
.cav-cap-readout strong {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* ----- Edema mechanism list + table ----- */
.cav-edema-mechs {
    margin: 6px 0 14px;
    padding: 14px 18px 14px 36px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.15);
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-edema-table-wrap {
    overflow-x: auto;
    border-radius: 16px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.cav-edema-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    background: #fff;
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    min-width: 640px;
}

.cav-edema-table thead th {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f4f8fd, #e7f1ff);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 800;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.16);
}

.cav-edema-table tbody th {
    text-align: left;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(231, 240, 255, 0.6), rgba(244, 248, 253, 0.6));
    color: var(--text);
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.12);
    font-weight: 700;
    vertical-align: top;
    width: 22%;
}

.cav-edema-table tbody td {
    padding: 12px 14px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    vertical-align: top;
}

.cav-edema-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) td {
    background: rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.6);
}

.cav-edema-var {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.24);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* ----- NBME hook callout inside amber trap ----- */
.cav-micro-nbme-hook {
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(254, 240, 199, 0.55);
    border-left: 4px solid #d97706;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.cav-micro-nbme-hook strong {
    color: #92400e;
    font-weight: 900;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

/* ----- Arteriolar control 2-column ----- */
.cav-arteriolar-control {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-arteriolar-card {
    padding: 18px 18px 16px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
}
.cav-arteriolar-card.is-dilate {
    border-left: 4px solid #b91c1c;
}
.cav-arteriolar-card.is-constrict {
    border-left: 4px solid #1d4ed8;
}

.cav-arteriolar-head {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 850;
    color: var(--text);
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cav-arteriolar-card p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
}

.cav-arteriolar-trap {
    margin-top: 14px;
}

/* Arteriolar chain reuses .cav-flow-chain — no extra rules needed; the
   existing flow-chain styling already handles the connector arrows. */

/* ===================================================================
   Edema mechanism cards (2×2 grid replacing the cause/mechanism table)
   ===================================================================
   Four cards, each with a BioRender image showing the dysfunction, a
   small colored pill naming the broken variable, a one-line mechanism,
   three clinical-example chips, and a link out to the deeper pathology
   module. Grid uses align-stretch + grid-template-rows so all four
   cards land at the same height regardless of mechanism-line length. */
.cav-edema-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}
.cav-edema-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 18px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    overflow: hidden;
}
.cav-edema-card-img-frame {
    padding: 14px 14px 0;
}
.cav-edema-card-img-frame img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 12px;
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
}
.cav-edema-card-body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto auto 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 14px 18px 18px;
}
.cav-edema-card-pill {
    width: fit-content;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}
.cav-edema-card-pill.is-pc {
    color: #7f1d1d;
    background: rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.28);
}
.cav-edema-card-pill.is-onc {
    color: #1e3a8a;
    background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.28);
}
.cav-edema-card-pill.is-kf {
    color: #b45309;
    background: #fef3c7;
    border: 1px solid rgba(180, 83, 9, 0.30);
}
.cav-edema-card-pill.is-lymph {
    color: #374151;
    background: #f3f4f6;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
}
.cav-edema-card h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.cav-edema-card-body p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 15.5px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.cav-edema-card-chips {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px;
}
.cav-edema-card-chips span {
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #f3f4f6;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}
.cav-edema-card-link {
    align-self: end;
    margin-top: 4px;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}
.cav-edema-card-link span {
    transition: transform 0.15s ease;
    display: inline-block;
}
.cav-edema-card-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
.cav-edema-card-link:hover span {
    transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* ===================================================================
   Edema mechanism switcher (replaces the 2×2 grid)
   ===================================================================
   Toggle pill row → single image stage with SVG arrow overlay →
   single content block. CSS-only state via [data-active] on the
   switcher; JS just sets that attribute, swaps the image src, and
   toggles the matching <g data-overlay="…"> hidden state. */
.cav-edema-switcher {
    display: grid;
    gap: 18px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.cav-edema-toggle-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}
.cav-edema-toggle-row button {
    padding: 10px 16px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.1s ease;
}
.cav-edema-toggle-row button:hover {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.32);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.cav-edema-toggle-row button.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-strong));
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.28);
}

/* Image stage — fixed aspect-ratio container so arrow overlay anchors
   to anatomy. Light gray background fills any object-fit letterbox.
   Capped at ~half the section width and centered so the figure reads as
   supporting evidence rather than a full-bleed banner. */
.cav-edema-stage {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 820px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 2540 / 1195;
    background: #fafafa;
    border-radius: 14px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}
.cav-edema-stage-img {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    transition: opacity 0.22s ease;
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
}
/* The Kf image's native aspect ratio (1.88:1) is squarer than the stage
   (2.13:1), which leaves white letterbox on the sides under object-fit:
   contain. Switch it to cover so it fills the stage; the other three
   images keep contain so their full anatomy stays visible. */
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="kf"] .cav-edema-stage-img {
    object-fit: cover;
}
.cav-edema-stage-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Overlay group visibility driven by [data-active] on the switcher.
   The HTML `hidden` attribute doesn't reliably hide SVG <g> elements in
   every browser, so we use CSS display directly. */
.cav-edema-stage-overlay [data-overlay] {
    display: none;
}
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="pc"]    .cav-edema-stage-overlay [data-overlay="pc"],
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="onc"]   .cav-edema-stage-overlay [data-overlay="onc"],
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="kf"]    .cav-edema-stage-overlay [data-overlay="kf"],
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="lymph"] .cav-edema-stage-overlay [data-overlay="lymph"] {
    display: block;
}

/* Content stack — all four blocks live in the DOM; only the one
   matching [data-active] is visible. The hidden ones drop out of flow
   via position:absolute so the stack doesn't reserve their height. */
.cav-edema-content-stack {
    position: relative;
}
.cav-edema-content {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 4px 2px;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0 0 auto 0;
    transition: opacity 0.22s ease;
}
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="pc"]    .cav-edema-content[data-content="pc"],
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="onc"]   .cav-edema-content[data-content="onc"],
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="kf"]    .cav-edema-content[data-content="kf"],
.cav-edema-switcher[data-active="lymph"] .cav-edema-content[data-content="lymph"] {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
    position: relative;
}

.cav-edema-content-pill {
    width: fit-content;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}
.cav-edema-content-pill.is-pc {
    color: #7f1d1d;
    background: rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.28);
}
.cav-edema-content-pill.is-onc {
    color: #1e3a8a;
    background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.28);
}
.cav-edema-content-pill.is-kf {
    color: #b45309;
    background: #fef3c7;
    border: 1px solid rgba(180, 83, 9, 0.30);
}
.cav-edema-content-pill.is-lymph {
    color: #374151;
    background: #f3f4f6;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
}
.cav-edema-content h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.cav-edema-content p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 17.5px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.cav-edema-content-chips {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}
.cav-edema-content-chips span {
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #f3f4f6;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}
.cav-edema-content-link {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}
.cav-edema-content-link span {
    transition: transform 0.15s ease;
    display: inline-block;
}
.cav-edema-content-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
.cav-edema-content-link:hover span {
    transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* ===================================================================
   Starling Foundation section
   ===================================================================
   The conceptual scaffolding article that sits BEFORE the four
   definition cards. Slightly larger headline + accent-tinted
   surrounds so it reads as the headline concept above the more
   compact cards below. */
.cav-starling-foundation {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(231, 240, 255, 0.55), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95));
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.16);
}
.cav-starling-foundation-title {
    font-size: 24px;
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    max-width: 880px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-subhead {
    max-width: 880px;
    font-size: 15.5px;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
}

/* Two-card row: Hydrostatic / Oncotic. */
.cav-starling-foundation-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-card {
    position: relative;
    padding: 20px 22px 18px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-card.is-out  { border-left: 4px solid #b91c1c; }
.cav-starling-foundation-card.is-in   { border-left: 4px solid #1d4ed8; }
.cav-starling-foundation-card-badge {
    align-self: start;
    width: fit-content;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: #ffffff;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-card.is-out .cav-starling-foundation-card-badge { background: #b91c1c; }
.cav-starling-foundation-card.is-in  .cav-starling-foundation-card-badge { background: #1d4ed8; }
.cav-starling-foundation-card h4 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.4;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-card p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-card p strong {
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 800;
}

/* Prominent takeaway pill — italic blue, accent-soft background. */
.cav-starling-foundation-takeaway {
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 16px 22px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.10), rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.04));
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent-strong);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-takeaway strong {
    font-weight: 900;
    font-style: normal;
}

/* Interactive visualization: capillary + slider stacked on the left,
   bars on the right, caption full-width underneath. */
.cav-starling-foundation-viz {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 200px;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: end;
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding: 18px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: #f8fbff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}
.cav-starling-foundation-cap-wrap {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-cap {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-slider {
    width: 100%;
    accent-color: var(--accent);
}

.cav-starling-foundation-bars {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 12px;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 200px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr auto auto;
    gap: 6px;
    text-align: center;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar-track {
    position: relative;
    width: 38px;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 160px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar-fill {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px;
    transition: height 0.18s ease;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar.is-out .cav-starling-foundation-bar-fill {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ef4444, #b91c1c);
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar.is-in .cav-starling-foundation-bar-fill {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #3b82f6, #1d4ed8);
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar strong {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--text);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar.is-out strong { color: #b91c1c; }
.cav-starling-foundation-bar.is-in  strong { color: #1d4ed8; }
.cav-starling-foundation-bar-label {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.cav-starling-foundation-bar-scale {
    position: absolute;
    top: 4px;
    bottom: 4px;
    left: -16px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-size: 9px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.cav-starling-foundation-caption {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    padding: 12px 18px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-caption.is-out      { background: rgba(185, 28, 28, 0.10); color: #b91c1c; }
.cav-starling-foundation-caption.is-in       { background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.10); color: #1d4ed8; }
.cav-starling-foundation-caption.is-balanced { background: rgba(107, 114, 128, 0.12); color: #4b5563; }

/* Mental-model cards below the interactive. */
.cav-starling-foundation-mental {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-mental-card {
    padding: 14px 18px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    display: grid;
    gap: 6px;
}
.cav-starling-foundation-mental-card .section-label {
    color: var(--muted);
}
.cav-starling-foundation-mental-card p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

/* ===================================================================
   Net Fluid Movement expandable breakdown panel
   ===================================================================
   Closed by default. Native <details>/<summary> for the toggle. */
.cav-starling-breakdown {
    margin-top: 4px;
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-toggle {
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 8px 4px;
    user-select: none;
    transition: color 0.15s ease;
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-toggle::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.cav-starling-breakdown-toggle::before {
    content: '▸';
    display: inline-block;
    margin-right: 8px;
    transition: transform 0.15s ease;
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown[open] .cav-starling-breakdown-toggle::before {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-toggle:hover {
    color: var(--accent-strong);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-content {
    margin-top: 10px;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #f9fafb;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 14px;
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table th {
    text-align: left;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.10em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table th + th { text-align: right; }
.cav-starling-breakdown-table td {
    padding: 6px 12px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table td + td { text-align: right; font-weight: 700; }
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-section td {
    padding-top: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 4px;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
    border-top: 1px dashed rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-subtotal td {
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.03);
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--text);
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-net td {
    padding: 12px;
    border-top: 2px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.18);
    background: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.05);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 900;
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-net td.is-out { color: #b91c1c; }
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-net td.is-in  { color: #1d4ed8; }
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-net td.is-balanced { color: #4b5563; }
.cav-starling-breakdown-table tr.breakdown-net td small {
    display: block;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    margin-top: 2px;
    opacity: 0.85;
}
.cav-starling-breakdown-caption {
    margin: 12px 0 0;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--muted-strong);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ----- Mobile stacks ----- */
@media (max-width: 720px) {
    .cav-cap-types {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-transport-cards {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-arteriolar-control {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-cap-exchange-controls {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-perm-ladder {
        justify-content: center;
    }
    .cav-starling-viz-controls {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }
    .cav-starling-viz-controls button {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
    }
    .cav-starling-viz-controls .cav-starling-viz-guided {
        margin-left: 0;
    }
    .cav-starling-caption {
        font-size: 16px;
    }
    .cav-starling-anatomy-text {
        font-size: 26px;
    }
    .cav-starling-orientation-marker {
        font-size: 24px;
    }
    .cav-starling-pi-lymph-caption {
        font-size: 26px;
    }
    .cav-starling-svg-tooltip text {
        font-size: 26px;
    }
    .cav-starling-foundation-title {
        font-size: 19px;
    }
    .cav-starling-foundation-cards,
    .cav-starling-foundation-mental {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-starling-foundation-viz {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-starling-foundation-bars {
        min-height: 180px;
    }
    .cav-starling-breakdown-table {
        font-size: 13px;
    }
    .cav-starling-breakdown-table td,
    .cav-starling-breakdown-table th {
        padding: 6px 8px;
    }
    .cav-edema-cards {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .cav-edema-card h4 {
        font-size: 17px;
    }
    .cav-edema-toggle-row button {
        flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 4px);
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 13px;
        padding: 9px 12px;
    }
    .cav-edema-content h4 {
        font-size: 17px;
    }
    .cav-cap-img-frame {
        aspect-ratio: 2 / 1;
    }
}